Insomnia

What is insomnia?

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by an inadequate amount of sleep, which is seen in 6 – 10% adults.  

How to identify insomnia?

• Difficulty falling asleep

• Frequently waking up in the middle of the night

• Waking up very early in the morning and difficulty going back to sleep

• Feeling tired or irritable through the day

• Difficulties in focusing or remembering things

• Increased mistakes or accidents 

• Worry about not being able to sleep

What causes insomnia?

Insomnia may be an independent disorder (primary insomnia) or caused due to an underlying physical or mental health condition (secondary insomnia). Imbalances in neurotransmitters such as melatonin and disturbances in regulating the brain’s sleep generators are involved in primary insomnia. Excessive stress, poor lifestyle choices, or underlying mental health conditions like depression or anxiety can also lead to secondary insomnia. 

When to seek help?

Occasional disruptions in sleep are common, especially given our modern-day lifestyles. Insomnia, however, is diagnosed when the sleep difficulty is present at least 3 nights per week for more than 3 months. These disturbances in sleep go on to impact the person’s energy levels, moods, thinking and behaviour during the day as well. It is important to remember that insomnia, if persists over a period of time, could increase the risk of many other medical conditions, and therefore requires proper treatment. 

What is the treatment for insomnia? 

Cognitive behavioural therapy addresses the person’s negative thoughts, which interfere with sleep. Relaxation techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery and biofeedback are often helpful. Inculcating sleep hygiene habits can correct lifestyle related factors that impact sleep. In the treatment of insomnia, medicines also have a role to play.